Theories

Likert
Rensis Likert identified four styles of management and leadership. The four styles are Exploitative autocratic, Benevolent autocratic, Participative, and Democratic. Exploitative autocratic are authoritative leaders that do not trust or have confidence in their subordinates. Benevolent autocratic are managers and leaders that have some compassion and trust in their subordinates and so will seek their ideas and opinions at times. Participative are managers and leaders that place a great deal of trust and confidence their workforce. Democratic leaders have absolute confidence and trust in their subordinates. His findings suggested that both participative and democratic styles are most successful, the disadvantage of this theory is that it ignores situations where the autocratic styles may be more suitable and effective.
Fiedler
One of the best known situational theories of leadership is Fred Edward Fiedler’s contingency theory, he found that there was no one best way of leading, he suggested that it depended on the situation that the leaders are in. His theory rests on three principles that determine the most effective leadership styles. The first one is Relationships because of how well leaders and subordinates get along with and trust one another. Second is Situation because the nature of the task itself, the level of difficulty of the task and whether it is structured or subject to change. The last one is Authority because of how much power or authority the leader has. The advantage to this theory is that his research suggests anyone can be a leader if he or she can match their leadership style to the situation; on the other hand the disadvantage to this theory is that it ignores other situational factors that affect leadership effectiveness, such as experience and training of the leader